Indications

Lithium Carbonate is indicated in treatment and prophylaxis of mania, bipolar disorder and recurrent depression.

Composition

Pharmacology

Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown.  Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors. Lithium Carbonate alters intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines and sodium transport in neurons and muscle cells.

Dosage & Administration

Adult and child over 12 years: initially 1 gm to 1.5 gm daily; prophylaxis, initially 300-400 mg daily. Should be taken with food.

Contraindications

Renal insufficiency, cardiovascular insufficiency, Addison's disease and untreated hypothyroidism are all contraindications to lithium therapy.

Side Effects

Tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hands shaking, memory problems, increased thirst and consequently passing urine more often by day, and perhaps also by night.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category D. An increased incidence of cardiovascular abnormality has been noted in infants of women given lithium during the first 3 months of pregnancy, such use should be avoided unless essential. Breast feeding is not advised unless the benefits of lithium use outweigh the advantages.

Precautions & Warnings

Decreased tolerance to lithium has been reported to ensue from protracted sweating or diarrhoea and, if such occur, supplemental fluid and salt should be administered under careful medical supervision and lithium intake reduced or suspended until the condition is resolved.

Therapeutic Class

Anti-manic drugs

Storage Conditions

Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.